• Reading accounts for 10% of final grade
• All readings are done through Perusall
• All scores are either 0 or 1
  (Perusall will tell you the maximum score is 3, but that is not the
  case for this class)
• Lowest four reading scores dropped at the end
  of the semester
• Details on scoring linked from syllabus:
  https://soci325.netlify.com/pages/perusall.html
• If you did the reading on time, but did not get
  credit, message me to fix the score (really!)
  (I may respond to messages slowly, but I will respond)

• Discussion worksheets, completed in groups, account for 32.5% of final grade (30% for worksheet scores, 2.5% for completing peer assessment)
• Turned in through Teams by midnight of the day indicated on the schedule
  E.g. discussion worksheet 5, covering material from Oct 24 and Oct 26, is due by midnight Oct 27
• Responses are marked on a 10-point scale, applied to each group-member’s grade
  (see syllabus for rubric)
• Midway though the semester, there will be a round of peer assessment on group participation that will not affect final score
• At the end of the semester, there will be another round of peer assessment on group participation that will be used to adjust final score by up to 10%

• Each student is responsible for submitting three discussion questions over the course of the semester, contributing 20% to the final grade.
• Topics will be assigned randomly at the end of the second week.
• Each is marked on a 10-point scale based on the engagement and originality of the question.
• For each discussion, the instructor may pick some discussion questions to use in class. Submissions that are used in class receive an automatic 10/10.

• Each student will create a poster to be
  presented at the end of the semester,
  contributing a total of 37.5% to the final grade.
• Topics must be submitted by Oct 3, for 5% of
  final grade.
• Each poster will be assessed by 4 other
  students, contributing 30% to the final grade.
• Each student will be responsible for assessing 4
  posters, worth 2.5% of the final grade.
• Details of the poster project (themes, topics, etc)
  will be discussed in class.

Plato and Aristotle in the marketplace of ideas

Theme 1: Scientific outcomes are social

• The discoveries, inventions, publications, and ideas produced by scientists are not outside of
  society.
• Scientific discoveries are guided by social processes.
• Scientific discoveries have social implications.
• The meaning and implications of scientific ideas depends on social context.

Mushroom cloud over Nagasaki resulting from atomic bomb dropped by the U.S. in 1945

Theme 2: Scientific practice is social

• Science is done by scientists in social settings.
• Scientists live in diverse social contexts that influence their behavior, expectations, beliefs, ideals, …
• Laboratories and other research institutions are themselves social settings.
• Doing science involves interacting with other scientists, funding agencies, political entities, and non-scientists.

Theme 3: Science aligns with power

• Science is not neutral.
• Scientific questions, practices, and findings tend to align with prevailing power structures.
• The veneer of objectivity in science can reinforce oppressive dynamics along racial, gender,
  economic, disability, and geographic lines.

Map of "IQ estimates" from Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen (2006). (note that this representation has been thoroughly debunked)

Theme 4: The history of science is a social history

• The meaning of ‘science’ has changed over time, and those changes trace historical patterns.
• The history of Western science is inextricable from the European enlightenment and European colonialism.
• Contemporary science reflects our current historical moment.